Development of shale oil-gas largely impacts the water environment from mass consumption of water resource and potential water pollution, so it is necessary to protect the water environment during shale oil-gas development. In this paper, according to the requirements of water environmental protection, the protection shall be comprehensive, predictable, periodic, and regional. Based on the analysis of the water environmental protection laws, policies and regulations, the existing documents need to be selected, combined and optimized to reach the requirements of water environmental protection. This paper presents a matrix of water environmental protection for shale oil-gas development based on responsibility majority and means from water resource consumption and prevention of water pollution.